Publications of the Soft Intelligent Machines Group

An overview of the publications of the Soft Intelligent Machines Group can be found on this website.

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  1. 2025

    1. Kazim, M., Pal, A., & Goswami, D. (2025). Mechanical Metamaterials for Bioengineering: In Vitro, Wearable, and Implantable Applications. Advanced Engineering Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401806
    2. Alu, A., Arrieta, A., Dottore, E. D., Dickey, M. D., Ferracin, S., Harne, R. L., Hauser, H., He, Q., Hopkins, J., Hyatt, L. P., Li, S., Mariani, S., Mazzolai, B., Mondini, A., Pal, A., Preston, D. J., Rajappan, A., Raney, J., Reis, P., et al. (2025). Roadmap on embodying mechano-intelligence and computing in functional materials and structures. Smart Materials and Structures. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/adb7aa

  2. 2024

    1. Byun, J., Pal, A., Ko, J., & Sitti, M. (2024). Integrated mechanical computing for autonomous soft machines. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47201-y
    2. Zhang, M., Pal, A., Lyu, X., Wu, Y., & Sitti, M. (2024). Artificial-goosebump-driven microactuation. Nature Materials, 23, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01810-6

  3. 2023

    1. Li, M., Pal, A., Byun, J., Gardi, G., & Sitti, M. (2023). Magnetic Putty as a Reconfigurable, Recyclable, and Accessible Soft Robotic Material. Advanced Materials, 35, Article 48. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202304825
    2. Zhang, M., Pal, A., Zheng, Z., Gardi, G., Yildiz, E., & Sitti, M. (2023). Hydrogel muscles powering reconfigurable micro-metastructures with wide-spectrum programmability. Nature Materials. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01649-3
    3. Pal, A., & Sitti, M. (2023). Programmable mechanical devices through magnetically tunable bistable elements. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120, Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2212489120
    4. Feng, W., Pal, A., Wang, T., Ren, Z., Yan, Y., Lu, Y., Yang, H., & Sitti, M. (2023). Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymeric Coatings for Colorful Artificial Muscles and Motile Humidity Sensor Skin Integrated with Magnetic Composites. Advanced Functional Materials, 2300731. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202300731

  4. 2022

    1. Li, M., Pal, A., Aghakhani, A., Pena-Francesch, A., & Sitti, M. (2022). Soft actuators for real-world applications. Nature Reviews Materials, 7, Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7
    2. Martinez, R. V., & Pal, A. (2022). Waterproof electronic decals for wireless monitoring of biofluids. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20220061713A1/en

  5. 2021

    1. Li, M., Pal, A., Aghakhani, A., Pena-Francesch, A., & Sitti, M. (2021). Soft actuators for real-world applications. Nature Reviews Materials. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7
    2. Pal, A., Restrepo, V., Goswami, D., & Martinez, R. V. (2021). Exploiting Mechanical Instabilities in Soft Robotics: Control, Sensing, and Actuation. Advanced Materials, 33, Article 19. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006939

  6. 2020

    1. Pal, A., Bertoldi, K., Pham, M. Q., Schaenzer, M., & Gross, A. J. (2020). Optimal turbine blade design enabled by auxetic honeycomb. Smart Materials and Structures, 29, Article 12. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/abbd1d
    2. Pal, A., Nadiger, V. G., Goswami, D., & Martinez, R. V. (2020). Conformal, waterproof electronic decals for wireless monitoring of sweat and vaginal pH at the point-of-care. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 160, Article January. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112206
    3. Pal, A., Goswami, D., & Martinez, R. V. (2020). Elastic Energy Storage Enables Rapid and Programmable Actuation in Soft Machines. Advanced Functional Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201906603
    4. Martinez, R. V., & Pal, A. (2020). Omniphobic Paper-Based Smart Bandage Devices. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20200297255A1/en
    5. Pal, A. (2020). Design and Fabrication of Soft Biosensors and Actuators [Purdue University]. https://hammer.purdue.edu/articles/thesis/Design_and_Fabrication_of_Soft_Biosensors_and_Actuators/12401045/1

  7. 2019

    1. Pal, A., Goswami, D., & Martinez, R. V. (2019). Elastic Energy Storage Enables Rapid and Programmable Actuation in Soft Machines. Advanced Functional Materials, 47907, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201906603
    2. Goswami, D., Liu, S., Pal, A., Silva, L. G., & Martinez, R. V. (2019). 3D‐Architected Soft Machines with Topologically Encoded Motion. Advanced Functional Materials, 29, Article 24. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201808713

  8. 2018

    1. Pal, A., Goswami, D., Cuellar, H. E., Castro, B., Kuang, S., & Martinez, R. V. (2018). Early detection and monitoring of chronic wounds using low-cost, omniphobic paper-based smart bandages. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 117, 696–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.060
    2. Sadri, B., Goswami, D., Sala De Medeiros, M., Pal, A., Castro, B., Kuang, S., & Martinez, R. V. (2018). Wearable and Implantable Epidermal Paper-Based Electronics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 10, Article 37. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b11020
    3. Goswami, D., Munera, J. C., Pal, A., Sadri, B., Scarpetti, C. L. P. G., & Martinez, R. V. (2018). Roll-to-Roll Nanoforming of Metals Using Laser-Induced Superplasticity. Nano Letters, 18, Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00714

  9. 2017

    1. Pal, A., Cuellar, H. E., Kuang, R., Caurin, H. F. N., Goswami, D., & Martinez, R. V. (2017). Self-Powered, Paper-Based Electrochemical Devices for Sensitive Point-of-Care Testing. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2, Article 10. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201700130
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